Mental health issues and mental illness are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference between the two.

Mental health issues are any kind of problem with how we think, feel or behave. This can be anything from feeling down or anxious to having a mental health condition like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Mental illness, on the other hand, is a mental health condition that is diagnosed by a mental health professional.

Mental Health Issues

Mental health issues can be caused by a number of different things. It could be due to our genes, our upbringing, our environment, or even our lifestyle choices. It’s important to remember that mental health issues are not our fault and we cannot always control them.

Mental health issues are usually able to be resolved with support from family and friends, or by making some lifestyle changes. However, if mental health issues are not dealt with, they can lead to mental illness. Depression and anxiety usually start as mental health issues and if left untreated can progress to mental illnesses such as clinical depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).

Depression

Depression is one of the most common mental health issues. It’s a mental health condition that causes you to feel very low for a long period of time. You may lose interest in things you used to enjoy, have trouble sleeping or eating, and feel like there’s no point in carrying on.

Signs and symptoms:

• Feeling sad or down most of the time, irritable or agitated
• Losing interest in things you used to enjoy
• Having low energy levels and avoiding social situations
• Sleeping a lot or not being able to sleep
• Changes in appetite
• Feeling worthless or guilty and sometimes may consider self harm or suicide
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Management and treatment:

• Exercise: Exercise can help to improve your mental health by releasing endorphins, which have mood-boosting effects.
• Diet: Eating a healthy diet can help to improve your mental health. Eating lots of processed and sugary foods can make mental health issues worse.
• Talking therapies: Talking to a therapist can help to improve mental health issues. Therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be very effective in treating mental health issues.
• Relaxation techniques: Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help to improve mental health.

Anxiety

Anxiety is another common mental health issue. It’s a feeling of fear or worry that can be mild or severe. For some people, anxiety can be a normal reaction to stress. But for others, it may be so severe that it starts to interfere with their daily lives.

Signs and symptoms:

• Feeling nervous, restless or tense
• Having a sense of impending danger, panic or doom
• Having an increased heart rate, sweating, trembling or shortness of breath
• Feeling weak or tired and having trouble sleeping
• Difficulty concentrating or thinking about anything else
• Experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) problems

Management and treatment:

• Avoiding caffeine: Caffeine can make anxiety worse.
• Exercise & Diet: Exercise can help to reduce anxiety by releasing endorphins and improving sleep. Eating a healthy diet can also help to improve anxiety.
• Relaxation techniques: Relaxation techniques such as yoga, meditation, and deep breathing can help to reduce anxiety.
• Talking to someone you trust about your anxiety: Talking to someone you trust can help to improve anxiety.

Disordered Eating

Disordered eating is where someone may put restrictions around eating, but these are not significant enough to result in an eating disorder. People with disordered eating often have a negative relationship with food and their bodies.

Signs and symptoms:

• Preoccupation with food, weight, and dieting
• Extreme restriction of food intake or eating in secret or hiding food
• Feelings of guilt or shame after eating
• Excessive exercise
• Signs of malnutrition such as fatigue, dizziness, difficulty concentrating or hair loss
• Irritability or mood swings

Management of Disordered Eating

• Education about nutrition and the importance of a balanced diet: Learning about nutrition and the importance of a balanced diet can help to improve disordered eating.
• Regular meals and snacks: Eating regular meals and snacks can help to improve disordered eating.
• Avoiding fad diets: Fad diets can make disordered eating worse.

Other Mental Health Issues

There are many other mental health issues that people can experience. Some of the more common ones include phobias, grief, ambivalence, or anger.

If you are concerned about your mental health, it’s important to talk to a mental health professional.

Mental Illnesses

Mental illness is a mental health condition that is diagnosed by a mental health professional. It’s important to remember that mental illness is not our fault and we cannot always control it.

Mental illnesses can be caused by a number of different things. It could be due to our genes, our upbringing, our environment or even our lifestyle choices. Mental illnesses usually affect the physiology of the brain so treatment and management are primarily managed through a medical professional, however, can be supported with lifestyle changes. Below we discuss some of the most common mental illnesses, however it is important to note that this is not an exhaustive list.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

PTSD is a mental illness that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It’s normal to have some anxiety and stress after a traumatic event, but for people with PTSD, these symptoms can last for months or even years.

Signs and symptoms:

• Flashbacks or nightmares of the event
• Difficulty sleeping
• Feeling irritable or on edge
• Avoiding things that remind you of the event
• Negative changes in mood and thinking

PTSD is primarily managed through therapies such as exposure therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR). Medications may also be used such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications.

Psychotic Disorders, (eg.Schizophrenia)

Psychotic disorders are mental illnesses that cause changes in a person’s thinking, perception, mood and behaviour. These changes can make it hard for the person to think clearly, manage their emotions, make decisions and relate to other people.

Signs and symptoms:

• Hallucinations and Delusions
• Disordered thinking
• Inappropriate mood or emotions
• Agitation or aggression
• Social withdrawal

Management of psychotic disorders is mainly through medication and psychological therapies.

Mood Disorders (eg. Bipolar Disorder, Depression)

Mood disorders are mental illnesses that cause changes in a person’s mood. This can range from feeling very low (depression) to feeling very high (mania). Some conditions such as bipolar disorder may include both of these phases.

Signs and symptoms:

• Extreme changes in mood
• Irritability
• Difficulty concentrating and loss of interest in activities
• Fatigue and changes in sleep patterns
• Unexplained physical symptoms

Mood disorders are mainly managed with medications such as mood stabilisers and antidepressants. Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy can also be useful. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and a healthy diet can also help to manage mood disorders.

Anxiety Disorders (eg. Generalised Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder)

Anxiety disorders are mental illnesses that cause feelings of anxiety, fear or worry. These feelings can be so severe that they interfere with our everyday lives.

Signs and symptoms:

• Feelings of anxiety, fear or worry and irritability
• Physical symptoms such as a racing heart, sweating or trembling
• Avoidance of situations that trigger anxiety
• Difficulty concentrating
• Sleep problems

Management of anxiety disorders includes psychological therapies such as exposure therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and relaxation techniques. Medications such as antidepressants or beta-blockers may also be used. Support groups can also provide helpful information and support.

Eating Disorders (eg. Bulimia Nervosa, Anorexia Nervosa)

Eating disorders are mental illnesses that cause changes in our eating behaviours. This can range from binge eating and purging, to restricting food intake and excessive exercise. Eating disorders can have a negative impact on our physical health as well as our mental health.

Signs and symptoms:

• Disordered eating including: preoccupation with food, weight and dieting, extreme restriction of food intake, eating in secret or hiding food, feelings of guilt or shame after eating
• Excessive exercise
• Signs of malnutrition such as fatigue, dizziness or hair loss
• Irritability or mood swings
• Difficulty concentrating

Management of eating disorders needs to be conducted by a medical professional. This may include hospitalisation in severe cases. Medications may be used to treat the physical symptoms of an eating disorder. Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy and family therapy can also be helpful.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness that causes repetitive and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and behaviours (compulsions). These thoughts and behaviours can be so severe that they interfere with our everyday lives.

Signs and symptoms:

• Obsessions such as fear of contamination, symmetry or orderliness
• Compulsions such as excessive hand washing, cleaning or checking locks
• Avoidance of situation that triggers obsessions
• Excessive worry about contracting a disease or becoming contaminated
• Difficulty concentrating

Management of OCD is primarily through psychological therapies such as exposure therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. Medications such as antidepressants may also be used.

A list of other common mental health conditions and their risk factors can be found on Homage's website. Operating in Australia, Homage pairs industry leading care professionals and smart technology to provide holistic home and community-based care to seniors and adults.

First Aid for Mental Health Disorders

If you are concerned that someone is displaying signs of a mental health disorder, the best thing to do is to talk to them about it. It can be difficult to approach someone about mental health, but it is important to let them know that you are there for them.

If the person is in immediate danger, call 000 for emergency services. For more information on managing first aid for suicidal people, check out our article here.

If the person is not in immediate danger, but you are concerned for their welfare, you can:

• Encourage them to see their GP or mental health professional
• Offer to go with them to their appointment
• Help them to make an appointment with a mental health professional
• Help them to access support services such as helplines or support groups
• Encourage them to exercise and eat a healthy diet
• Encourage them to spend time with friends and family

You can also do a first aid course or mental health first aid course. These courses teach you how to recognise the signs and symptoms of mental illness, how to provide initial emergency support, and how to connect people with professional help.

Mental health issues and mental illness are two different things. Mental health issues are warning signs that something may be wrong, while mental illness is a diagnosable mental disorder. It is important to know the difference between the two, as well as the signs and symptoms of mental illness, so that you can provide help if someone appears to be struggling.